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Condition (MeSH)

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 9,973 trials for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 or a narrower condition beneath it. Novo Nordisk A/S has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 630.

MeSH D003924 Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases C18 C19
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Phase 1 Phase 1 1,038 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 113 Phase 2 Phase 2 793 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 108 Phase 3 Phase 3 1,316 Phase 4 Phase 4 1,183 Not applicable Not applicable 3,695 Observational Observational 1,722 Phase 1 Phase 1 1,038 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 113 Phase 2 Phase 2 793 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 108 Phase 3 Phase 3 1,316 Phase 4 Phase 4 1,183 Not applicable Not applicable 3,695 Observational Observational 1,722

Trials per phase (log scale)

2 more sections with rows

9,969 of the 9,973 trials are tagged with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

Get the Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 report as a PDF

The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 trials start? (36)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 18 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access, Unknown)

Top of scale: 544

1991: 2 trials (Observational 1, Phase 4 1) 1992: 4 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 2, Phase 1 1) 1993: 5 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 2, Phase 1 1) 1994: 3 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 1) 1995: 3 trials (Phase 4 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 1) 1996: 6 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 3) 1997: 8 trials (Observational 3, Not applicable 1, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 1) 1998: 12 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 1, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 3, Phase 2 3, Phase 1/2 1) 1999: 20 trials (Observational 5, Not applicable 5, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 1, Phase 1 2) 2000: 33 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 9, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 13, Phase 2 3) 2001: 71 trials (Observational 17, Not applicable 8, Phase 4 11, Phase 3 18, Phase 2 8, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 7) 2002: 91 trials (Observational 9, Not applicable 21, Phase 4 28, Phase 3 19, Phase 2 11, Phase 1 3) 2003: 126 trials (Observational 16, Not applicable 14, Phase 4 39, Phase 3 37, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 13, Phase 1 4) 2004: 207 trials (Observational 26, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 33, Phase 3 67, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 25, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 11) 2005: 208 trials (Observational 16, Not applicable 34, Phase 4 40, Phase 3 63, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 28, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 18) 2006: 287 trials (Observational 34, Not applicable 62, Phase 4 35, Phase 3 81, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 36, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 29) 2007: 337 trials (Observational 58, Not applicable 61, Phase 4 43, Phase 3 60, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 49, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 49) 2008: 432 trials (Other 1, Observational 92, Not applicable 83, Phase 4 59, Phase 3 76, Phase 2/3 13, Phase 2 55, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 48) 2009: 476 trials (Observational 67, Not applicable 114, Phase 4 68, Phase 3 73, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 57, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 82) 2010: 446 trials (Observational 68, Not applicable 104, Phase 4 60, Phase 3 85, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 46, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 67) 2011: 411 trials (Observational 58, Not applicable 125, Phase 4 51, Phase 3 59, Phase 2 37, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 72) 2012: 425 trials (Observational 63, Not applicable 140, Phase 4 53, Phase 3 72, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 32, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 53) 2013: 427 trials (Observational 63, Not applicable 134, Phase 4 63, Phase 3 72, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 59) 2014: 429 trials (Other 1, Observational 75, Not applicable 144, Phase 4 74, Phase 3 53, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 29, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 45) 2015: 418 trials (Observational 68, Not applicable 155, Phase 4 74, Phase 3 42, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 30, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 40) 2016: 399 trials (Observational 80, Not applicable 134, Phase 4 73, Phase 3 45, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 35) 2017: 399 trials (Observational 76, Not applicable 166, Phase 4 46, Phase 3 41, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 30, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 34) 2018: 395 trials (Observational 68, Not applicable 183, Phase 4 45, Phase 3 22, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 34, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 34) 2019: 424 trials (Other 1, Observational 72, Not applicable 212, Phase 4 40, Phase 3 37, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 36) 2020: 383 trials (Observational 84, Not applicable 165, Phase 4 32, Phase 3 38, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 39) 2021: 496 trials (Observational 86, Not applicable 273, Phase 4 39, Phase 3 32, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 38) 2022: 497 trials (Observational 94, Not applicable 257, Phase 4 30, Phase 3 34, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 31, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 43) 2023: 497 trials (Observational 103, Not applicable 246, Phase 4 28, Phase 3 39, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 27, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 44) 2024: 544 trials (Other 1, Observational 96, Not applicable 280, Phase 4 38, Phase 3 42, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 28, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 52) 2025: 495 trials (Observational 91, Not applicable 257, Phase 4 33, Phase 3 32, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 29, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 49)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 485
2025 495
2024 544
2023 497
2022 497
2021 496
2020 383
2019 424
2018 395
2017 399

Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 610 trials starting in 2026 and about 540 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward, with about 0.7 times the starts already registered for the rest of 2026 added. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 10 percent and ran about 4 percent high against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 25 percent and ran about 15 percent low against the count later registered, and had about 7 percent more error than repeating last year's count. The part-way figures are from forecasts that used a multiple fitted only on earlier years. A stricter check that trains only on older years did not support adding planned starts for conditions of this size: it ran about 6 percent high against the count later registered. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 32 months from start to primary completion across 657 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 17 months across 7,060 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 trials in? (10)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 1,038
Phase 1/2 113
Phase 2 793
Phase 2/3 108
Phase 3 1,316
Phase 4 1,183
Not applicable 3,695
Observational 1,722
Expanded access 3
Unknown 2

How many Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 trials are recruiting? (11)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 341
Recruiting 723
Enrolling by invitation 75
Active, not recruiting 284
Available 1

Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 trials? (14)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
Novo Nordisk A/S 630
AstraZeneca 329
Eli Lilly and Company 233
Sanofi 184
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC 181

Which drugs are being tested for Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
SITAGLIPTIN 277
Semaglutide 220
BMS-512148 180
LIRAGLUTIDE 171
Exenatide 135

Interventions as named in the registry (9)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
1% Metformin 577
Glargine Insulin 345
Pioglitazone - TZD 158
Add Glimepiride 141
Empagliflozine 138

These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Surgical and medical procedures 11,812 1
Acute MI 11,372 1
Acute Stroke 10,647 1
Heart Failure Hospitalization 10,455 1
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 or ESKD 9,216 1

Which publications cover Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2? (14,618)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Sub-conditions in MeSH (1)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

Browse all condition evidence pages