Condition (MeSH)
COVID-19
ClinicalTrials.gov lists 7,957 trials for COVID-19 or a narrower condition beneath it. Pfizer has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 67.
Search trials, drugs, companies and investigators, and follow each one to the others. Individual plan, $249/seat/mo. Card required.
Trials per phase
1 more section with rows
7,567 of the 7,957 trials are tagged with COVID-19 itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.
When did COVID-19 trials start? (17)
Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 2 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.
Trials over time, by phase
- Phase 1
- Phase 1/2
- Phase 2
- Phase 2/3
- Phase 3
- Phase 4
- Not applicable
- Observational
Top of scale: 3,572
Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.
| Year | Trials started |
|---|---|
| 2026 (partial year) | 85 |
| 2025 | 149 |
| 2024 | 242 |
| 2023 | 572 |
| 2022 | 1,065 |
| 2021 | 2,144 |
| 2020 | 3,572 |
| 2019 | 45 |
| 2018 | 12 |
| 2017 | 11 |
Showing 10 of 17 earlier years.
Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 110 trials starting in 2026 and about 140 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 13 percent and ran about 12 percent low against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 19 percent and ran about 17 percent low against the count later registered, and had about the same error as repeating last year's count. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.
Prediction, not a registry value: median of 21 months from start to primary completion across 478 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 8 months across 5,274 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.
What phase are COVID-19 trials in? (9)
Shown in this order: phase order.
Show the trials by phase as a table
| Phase | Trials |
|---|---|
| Phase 1 | 489 |
| Phase 1/2 | 256 |
| Phase 2 | 926 |
| Phase 2/3 | 273 |
| Phase 3 | 657 |
| Phase 4 | 247 |
| Not applicable | 1,874 |
| Observational | 3,203 |
| Expanded access | 32 |
How many COVID-19 trials are recruiting? (12)
Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.
| Status | Trials |
|---|---|
| Not yet recruiting | 65 |
| Recruiting | 279 |
| Enrolling by invitation | 26 |
| Active, not recruiting | 200 |
| Available | 3 |
Showing 5 of 12 statuses.
Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.
Which lead sponsors run the most COVID-19 trials? (5)
Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.
| Sponsor | Trials |
|---|---|
| Pfizer | 67 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | 61 |
| AstraZeneca | 38 |
| ModernaTX, Inc. | 34 |
| BioNTech SE | 29 |
Which drugs are being tested for COVID-19? (5)
Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.
| Drug | Trials |
|---|---|
| BNT162B2 | 72 |
| Remdesivir | 70 |
| Ivermectin | 55 |
| AVIGAN | 37 |
| MRNA-1273 | 32 |
Interventions as named in the registry (10)
Shown in this order: most trials first.
| Drug | Trials |
|---|---|
| Hydroxychloroquin | 128 |
| Convalesscent Plasma | 83 |
| tocilizumab SC | 40 |
| COVID-19 Vaccine | 34 |
| 1% Azithromycin | 32 |
Showing 5 of 10 interventions.
These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.
Which serious adverse events do COVID-19 trials report? (10)
Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.
| Adverse event | Subjects affected | Trials |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory insufficiency | 4,507 | 2 |
| Respiratory failure | 1,984 | 128 |
| Death | 1,378 | 51 |
| Pneumonia | 1,124 | 143 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 1,029 | 88 |
Showing 5 of 10 adverse events.
Which publications cover COVID-19? (9,531)
Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.
| Publication | Journal | Year | Major topic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Levels of circulating kidney injury markers and IL-10 identify non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 at risk of death. | JCI insight | 2026 | Yes |
| Validating and leveraging non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection as a negative control outcome in a phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trial with extended observational follow-up. | American journal of epidemiology | 2026 | Yes |
| Sotrovimab versus usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. | The Lancet. Infectious diseases | 2026 | Yes |
| Maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Positivity and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm. | The Journal of pediatrics | 2026 | Yes |
| Impact of baseline humoral immunity on treatment outcomes with molnupiravir in the MOVe-OUT randomized, controlled trial. | Virology | 2026 | Yes |
Showing 5 of 9,531 publications.
Sub-conditions in MeSH (1)
MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.
Not on this page
Not measured: delivery record.
Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.