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Condition (MeSH)

Infections

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 46,234 trials for Infections or a narrower condition beneath it. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 1,907.

MeSH D007239 Infections C01
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Phase 1 Phase 1 4,891 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 1,381 Phase 2 Phase 2 5,681 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 914 Phase 3 Phase 3 5,192 Phase 4 Phase 4 4,087 Not applicable Not applicable 11,228 Observational Observational 12,757 Phase 1 Phase 1 4,891 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 1,381 Phase 2 Phase 2 5,681 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 914 Phase 3 Phase 3 5,192 Phase 4 Phase 4 4,087 Not applicable Not applicable 11,228 Observational Observational 12,757

Trials per phase

2 more sections with rows

2,086 of the 46,234 trials are tagged with Infections itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Infections trials start? (37)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 83 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access, Unknown)

Top of scale: 5,372

1990: 14 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 5) 1991: 14 trials (Observational 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 7) 1992: 30 trials (Observational 10, Not applicable 1, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 6, Phase 2 8, Phase 1 4) 1993: 34 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 9, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 8, Phase 1 1) 1994: 36 trials (Observational 13, Not applicable 6, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 3, Phase 1 5) 1995: 61 trials (Observational 17, Not applicable 4, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 11, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 8) 1996: 50 trials (Observational 14, Not applicable 1, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 9) 1997: 108 trials (Observational 19, Not applicable 10, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 32, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 19) 1998: 112 trials (Observational 21, Not applicable 9, Phase 4 7, Phase 3 14, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 30, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 25) 1999: 188 trials (Observational 28, Not applicable 17, Phase 4 9, Phase 3 43, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 40, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 40) 2000: 213 trials (Other 1, Observational 43, Not applicable 27, Phase 4 17, Phase 3 47, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 42, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 28) 2001: 275 trials (Other 1, Observational 54, Not applicable 34, Phase 4 30, Phase 3 58, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 62, Phase 1/2 13, Phase 1 19) 2002: 411 trials (Other 1, Observational 70, Not applicable 50, Phase 4 61, Phase 3 99, Phase 2/3 9, Phase 2 76, Phase 1/2 12, Phase 1 33) 2003: 589 trials (Other 2, Observational 79, Not applicable 89, Phase 4 97, Phase 3 128, Phase 2/3 14, Phase 2 99, Phase 1/2 30, Phase 1 51) 2004: 750 trials (Other 2, Observational 118, Not applicable 105, Phase 4 120, Phase 3 159, Phase 2/3 23, Phase 2 121, Phase 1/2 26, Phase 1 76) 2005: 977 trials (Observational 189, Not applicable 128, Phase 4 143, Phase 3 194, Phase 2/3 15, Phase 2 172, Phase 1/2 32, Phase 1 104) 2006: 1,125 trials (Other 1, Observational 220, Not applicable 141, Phase 4 151, Phase 3 227, Phase 2/3 20, Phase 2 190, Phase 1/2 48, Phase 1 127) 2007: 1,235 trials (Other 2, Observational 244, Not applicable 182, Phase 4 165, Phase 3 221, Phase 2/3 22, Phase 2 210, Phase 1/2 37, Phase 1 152) 2008: 1,300 trials (Observational 275, Not applicable 204, Phase 4 187, Phase 3 214, Phase 2/3 26, Phase 2 195, Phase 1/2 40, Phase 1 159) 2009: 1,476 trials (Other 1, Observational 337, Not applicable 247, Phase 4 173, Phase 3 189, Phase 2/3 31, Phase 2 265, Phase 1/2 44, Phase 1 189) 2010: 1,456 trials (Observational 340, Not applicable 271, Phase 4 173, Phase 3 193, Phase 2/3 21, Phase 2 221, Phase 1/2 43, Phase 1 194) 2011: 1,454 trials (Observational 350, Not applicable 264, Phase 4 182, Phase 3 220, Phase 2/3 21, Phase 2 180, Phase 1/2 33, Phase 1 204) 2012: 1,409 trials (Other 1, Observational 329, Not applicable 289, Phase 4 157, Phase 3 230, Phase 2/3 27, Phase 2 150, Phase 1/2 55, Phase 1 171) 2013: 1,458 trials (Observational 324, Not applicable 345, Phase 4 177, Phase 3 186, Phase 2/3 24, Phase 2 184, Phase 1/2 44, Phase 1 174) 2014: 1,489 trials (Observational 345, Not applicable 324, Phase 4 170, Phase 3 183, Phase 2/3 39, Phase 2 184, Phase 1/2 48, Phase 1 196) 2015: 1,622 trials (Observational 397, Not applicable 393, Phase 4 190, Phase 3 178, Phase 2/3 29, Phase 2 185, Phase 1/2 49, Phase 1 201) 2016: 1,631 trials (Observational 431, Not applicable 435, Phase 4 174, Phase 3 151, Phase 2/3 30, Phase 2 172, Phase 1/2 37, Phase 1 201) 2017: 1,676 trials (Other 2, Observational 473, Not applicable 489, Phase 4 180, Phase 3 143, Phase 2/3 19, Phase 2 150, Phase 1/2 48, Phase 1 172) 2018: 1,698 trials (Observational 468, Not applicable 479, Phase 4 177, Phase 3 138, Phase 2/3 33, Phase 2 190, Phase 1/2 44, Phase 1 169) 2019: 1,920 trials (Other 1, Observational 555, Not applicable 582, Phase 4 153, Phase 3 171, Phase 2/3 32, Phase 2 186, Phase 1/2 57, Phase 1 183) 2020: 5,372 trials (Observational 2,290, Not applicable 1,146, Phase 4 219, Phase 3 457, Phase 2/3 151, Phase 2 610, Phase 1/2 152, Phase 1 347) 2021: 3,912 trials (Other 1, Observational 1,353, Not applicable 1,088, Phase 4 238, Phase 3 308, Phase 2/3 111, Phase 2 421, Phase 1/2 118, Phase 1 274) 2022: 2,814 trials (Other 2, Observational 918, Not applicable 842, Phase 4 159, Phase 3 207, Phase 2/3 63, Phase 2 267, Phase 1/2 87, Phase 1 269) 2023: 2,398 trials (Observational 701, Not applicable 815, Phase 4 151, Phase 3 166, Phase 2/3 45, Phase 2 228, Phase 1/2 68, Phase 1 224) 2024: 2,053 trials (Observational 637, Not applicable 708, Phase 4 118, Phase 3 154, Phase 2/3 24, Phase 2 178, Phase 1/2 66, Phase 1 168) 2025: 1,754 trials (Observational 507, Not applicable 566, Phase 4 129, Phase 3 135, Phase 2/3 32, Phase 2 153, Phase 1/2 54, Phase 1 178)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 1,628
2025 1,754
2024 2,053
2023 2,398
2022 2,814
2021 3,912
2020 5,372
2019 1,920
2018 1,698
2017 1,676

Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 2,000 trials starting in 2026 and about 1,800 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward, with about 0.7 times the starts already registered for the rest of 2026 added. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 10 percent and ran about 4 percent high against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 25 percent and ran about 15 percent low against the count later registered, and had about 7 percent more error than repeating last year's count. The part-way figures are from forecasts that used a multiple fitted only on earlier years. A stricter check that trains only on older years did not support adding planned starts for conditions of this size: it ran about 6 percent high against the count later registered. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 35 months from start to primary completion across 2,740 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 16 months across 29,984 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Infections trials in? (10)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 4,891
Phase 1/2 1,381
Phase 2 5,681
Phase 2/3 914
Phase 3 5,192
Phase 4 4,087
Not applicable 11,228
Observational 12,757
Expanded access 96
Unknown 7

How many Infections trials are recruiting? (13)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 1,426
Recruiting 3,103
Enrolling by invitation 226
Active, not recruiting 1,203
Available 20

Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Infections trials? (10)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 1,907
GlaxoSmithKline 1,185
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC 536
Pfizer 452
Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company 339

Which drugs are being tested for Infections? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Zidovudine 279
Cytoxan 257
PEGinterferon alfa-2a 249
LAMIVUDINE 223
Entecavir 154

Interventions as named in the registry (9)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Ribavirine 587
Ritonavir (RTV) low 229
1% Azithromycin 207
tenofovir disproxil fumarate 188
Vancomycin 1.1% 165

These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Infections trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Pneumonia 13,958 1,411
Death 10,956 425
Gastroenteritis 7,276 718
Hospitalization >24 hours after but within 30 days of ED visit 6,637 1
Invasive cancer of any type 4,851 1

Which publications cover Infections? (1,160)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Sub-conditions in MeSH (41)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

+31 more sub-conditions

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

Browse all condition evidence pages