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Condition (MeSH)

Brain Neoplasms

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 2,746 trials for Brain Neoplasms or a narrower condition beneath it. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 158.

MeSH D001932 Neoplasms Neoplasm C04 C10
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Phase 1 Phase 1 574 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 195 Phase 2 Phase 2 643 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 16 Phase 3 Phase 3 149 Phase 4 Phase 4 54 Not applicable Not applicable 581 Observational Observational 528 Phase 1 Phase 1 574 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 195 Phase 2 Phase 2 643 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 16 Phase 3 Phase 3 149 Phase 4 Phase 4 54 Not applicable Not applicable 581 Observational Observational 528

Trials per phase (log scale)

1 more section with rows

2,361 of the 2,746 trials are tagged with Brain Neoplasms itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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When did Brain Neoplasms trials start? (36)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 8 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational

Top of scale: 137

1991: 3 trials (Observational 1, Phase 2 1, Phase 1 1) 1992: 3 trials (Observational 1, Phase 2 1, Phase 1 1) 1993: 3 trials (Phase 2 1, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 1) 1994: 9 trials (Observational 3, Phase 2 3, Phase 1 3) 1995: 5 trials (Observational 1, Phase 4 1, Phase 2 2, Phase 1/2 1) 1996: 17 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 4, Phase 1 5) 1997: 23 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 2, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 8, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 7) 1998: 29 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 11, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 8) 1999: 28 trials (Observational 4, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 10, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 10) 2000: 45 trials (Observational 3, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 11) 2001: 36 trials (Observational 4, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 10, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 12) 2002: 43 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 3, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 13) 2003: 43 trials (Observational 13, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 3, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 7) 2004: 63 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 5, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 15, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 14) 2005: 73 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 6, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 24) 2006: 72 trials (Observational 10, Not applicable 6, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 23, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 17) 2007: 80 trials (Observational 9, Not applicable 7, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 35, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 21) 2008: 75 trials (Observational 15, Not applicable 6, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 28, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 18) 2009: 89 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 8, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 31, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 25) 2010: 93 trials (Observational 17, Not applicable 11, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 13, Phase 1 28) 2011: 85 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 12, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 30, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 21) 2012: 96 trials (Observational 15, Not applicable 23, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 22) 2013: 85 trials (Observational 16, Not applicable 21, Phase 4 5, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 14) 2014: 106 trials (Observational 26, Not applicable 24, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 1, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 19) 2015: 106 trials (Observational 19, Not applicable 24, Phase 4 10, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 19) 2016: 133 trials (Observational 21, Not applicable 33, Phase 4 5, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 27, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 26) 2017: 125 trials (Observational 27, Not applicable 40, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 3, Phase 2 24, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 22) 2018: 113 trials (Observational 25, Not applicable 31, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 25) 2019: 128 trials (Observational 31, Not applicable 33, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 3, Phase 2 35, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 22) 2020: 137 trials (Observational 35, Not applicable 38, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 29, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 21) 2021: 126 trials (Observational 21, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 9, Phase 2 25, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 22) 2022: 132 trials (Observational 34, Not applicable 39, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 22) 2023: 133 trials (Observational 36, Not applicable 43, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 19) 2024: 111 trials (Observational 24, Not applicable 32, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 7, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 17) 2025: 132 trials (Observational 25, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 23, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 23)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 138
2025 132
2024 111
2023 133
2022 132
2021 126
2020 137
2019 128
2018 113
2017 125

Showing 10 of 36 earlier years.

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Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 150 trials starting in 2026 and about 140 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 13 percent and ran about 12 percent low against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 19 percent and ran about 17 percent low against the count later registered, and had about the same error as repeating last year's count. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 316 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 40 months across 1,564 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Brain Neoplasms trials in? (9)

Shown in this order: phase order.

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Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 574
Phase 1/2 195
Phase 2 643
Phase 2/3 16
Phase 3 149
Phase 4 54
Not applicable 581
Observational 528
Expanded access 6

How many Brain Neoplasms trials are recruiting? (11)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 98
Recruiting 423
Enrolling by invitation 14
Active, not recruiting 185
Available 2

Showing 5 of 11 statuses.

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Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Brain Neoplasms trials? (4)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 158
Children's Oncology Group 32
Novartis Pharmaceuticals 22
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) 21

Which drugs are being tested for Brain Neoplasms? (4)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Cytoxan 40
Irinotecan 35
NIVOLUMAB 33
PEMBROLIZUMAB 29

Interventions as named in the registry (11)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
SOC: Temozolomide 161
Radiation Therapy 80
Bevacizumab 1 76
or carboplatin 53
Etoposid 35

Showing 5 of 11 interventions.

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These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Brain Neoplasms trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Seizure 684 140
Malignant neoplasm progression 320 9
Vomiting 297 113
Headache 273 113
Nausea 250 101

Showing 5 of 10 adverse events.

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Which publications cover Brain Neoplasms? (3,236)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Publications
Publication Journal Year Major topic
Tumor Treating Fields Therapy After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Final Results of the Phase 3 METIS Study. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 2026 Yes
Concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide for 1p/19q non-co-deleted anaplastic glioma (CATNON; EORTC study 26053-22054): final and exploratory analyses of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. Oncology 2026 Yes
Facilitators and Barriers of Relatives' Involvement in Care of Patients With Acquired Brain Injury or Malignant Brain Tumour: Scoping Review. Nursing open 2026 Yes
Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies for glioma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2025 Yes
Infant-Type Hemispheric Gliomas: A Review of Clinical, Radiologic, Histopathologic, and Molecular Features. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN 2025 Yes

Showing 5 of 3,236 publications.

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Sub-conditions in MeSH (5)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

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