Skip to content
Pharma Observatory a Scientist.com platform

Condition (MeSH)

Neoplasms

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 106,410 trials for Neoplasms or a narrower condition beneath it. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 3,047.

MeSH D009369 Neoplasms Neoplasm C04
Email me this page as a PDF

Search trials, drugs, companies and investigators, and follow each one to the others. Individual plan, $249/seat/mo. Card required.

Phase 1 Phase 1 14,921 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 7,275 Phase 2 Phase 2 26,845 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 1,259 Phase 3 Phase 3 8,425 Phase 4 Phase 4 2,174 Not applicable Not applicable 22,712 Observational Observational 22,412 Phase 1 Phase 1 14,921 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 7,275 Phase 2 Phase 2 26,845 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 1,259 Phase 3 Phase 3 8,425 Phase 4 Phase 4 2,174 Not applicable Not applicable 22,712 Observational Observational 22,412

Trials per phase (log scale)

2 more sections with rows

10,765 of the 106,410 trials are tagged with Neoplasms itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

Get the Neoplasms report as a PDF

The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Neoplasms trials start? (37)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 260 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access, Unknown)

Top of scale: 6,484

1990: 33 trials (Observational 10, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 9, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 2) 1991: 47 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 3, Phase 3 8, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 10) 1992: 51 trials (Observational 10, Not applicable 6, Phase 3 19, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 10, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 4) 1993: 106 trials (Observational 20, Not applicable 10, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 38, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 28, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 6) 1994: 120 trials (Observational 16, Not applicable 6, Phase 3 45, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 35, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 12) 1995: 191 trials (Observational 31, Not applicable 4, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 51, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 59, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 29) 1996: 299 trials (Observational 39, Not applicable 9, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 76, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 115, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 44) 1997: 386 trials (Other 1, Observational 41, Not applicable 23, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 79, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 144, Phase 1/2 32, Phase 1 61) 1998: 593 trials (Observational 65, Not applicable 26, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 117, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 254, Phase 1/2 35, Phase 1 85) 1999: 736 trials (Observational 81, Not applicable 35, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 135, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 305, Phase 1/2 49, Phase 1 119) 2000: 943 trials (Observational 118, Not applicable 58, Phase 4 11, Phase 3 160, Phase 2/3 12, Phase 2 383, Phase 1/2 80, Phase 1 121) 2001: 976 trials (Observational 95, Not applicable 60, Phase 4 15, Phase 3 163, Phase 2/3 15, Phase 2 413, Phase 1/2 81, Phase 1 134) 2002: 1,200 trials (Observational 141, Not applicable 83, Phase 4 29, Phase 3 193, Phase 2/3 18, Phase 2 504, Phase 1/2 97, Phase 1 135) 2003: 1,496 trials (Observational 188, Not applicable 132, Phase 4 55, Phase 3 213, Phase 2/3 14, Phase 2 606, Phase 1/2 108, Phase 1 180) 2004: 1,864 trials (Other 1, Observational 238, Not applicable 167, Phase 4 44, Phase 3 223, Phase 2/3 23, Phase 2 765, Phase 1/2 141, Phase 1 262) 2005: 2,199 trials (Other 2, Observational 312, Not applicable 218, Phase 4 57, Phase 3 246, Phase 2/3 28, Phase 2 830, Phase 1/2 163, Phase 1 343) 2006: 2,585 trials (Other 4, Observational 373, Not applicable 252, Phase 4 65, Phase 3 283, Phase 2/3 42, Phase 2 978, Phase 1/2 197, Phase 1 391) 2007: 2,792 trials (Other 5, Observational 430, Not applicable 330, Phase 4 79, Phase 3 275, Phase 2/3 27, Phase 2 983, Phase 1/2 182, Phase 1 481) 2008: 2,983 trials (Other 1, Observational 553, Not applicable 367, Phase 4 79, Phase 3 295, Phase 2/3 27, Phase 2 963, Phase 1/2 216, Phase 1 482) 2009: 3,131 trials (Other 3, Observational 584, Not applicable 444, Phase 4 68, Phase 3 296, Phase 2/3 49, Phase 2 910, Phase 1/2 237, Phase 1 540) 2010: 3,196 trials (Other 4, Observational 679, Not applicable 492, Phase 4 94, Phase 3 239, Phase 2/3 41, Phase 2 868, Phase 1/2 243, Phase 1 536) 2011: 3,262 trials (Other 1, Observational 665, Not applicable 551, Phase 4 87, Phase 3 271, Phase 2/3 41, Phase 2 921, Phase 1/2 198, Phase 1 527) 2012: 3,374 trials (Other 2, Observational 721, Not applicable 687, Phase 4 88, Phase 3 262, Phase 2/3 45, Phase 2 847, Phase 1/2 222, Phase 1 500) 2013: 3,351 trials (Other 1, Observational 677, Not applicable 705, Phase 4 109, Phase 3 267, Phase 2/3 38, Phase 2 819, Phase 1/2 207, Phase 1 528) 2014: 3,740 trials (Observational 763, Not applicable 868, Phase 4 91, Phase 3 289, Phase 2/3 48, Phase 2 822, Phase 1/2 261, Phase 1 598) 2015: 4,214 trials (Other 2, Observational 852, Not applicable 1,050, Phase 4 114, Phase 3 334, Phase 2/3 54, Phase 2 919, Phase 1/2 293, Phase 1 596) 2016: 4,511 trials (Other 1, Observational 970, Not applicable 1,106, Phase 4 109, Phase 3 302, Phase 2/3 55, Phase 2 934, Phase 1/2 334, Phase 1 700) 2017: 4,699 trials (Other 1, Observational 1,026, Not applicable 1,141, Phase 4 82, Phase 3 294, Phase 2/3 57, Phase 2 1,039, Phase 1/2 381, Phase 1 678) 2018: 4,964 trials (Observational 1,093, Not applicable 1,240, Phase 4 85, Phase 3 327, Phase 2/3 71, Phase 2 1,074, Phase 1/2 360, Phase 1 714) 2019: 5,165 trials (Observational 1,257, Not applicable 1,231, Phase 4 106, Phase 3 318, Phase 2/3 56, Phase 2 1,115, Phase 1/2 357, Phase 1 725) 2020: 5,368 trials (Observational 1,378, Not applicable 1,277, Phase 4 85, Phase 3 326, Phase 2/3 45, Phase 2 1,178, Phase 1/2 336, Phase 1 743) 2021: 6,126 trials (Observational 1,533, Not applicable 1,611, Phase 4 94, Phase 3 352, Phase 2/3 58, Phase 2 1,294, Phase 1/2 397, Phase 1 787) 2022: 5,958 trials (Observational 1,540, Not applicable 1,602, Phase 4 98, Phase 3 323, Phase 2/3 64, Phase 2 1,175, Phase 1/2 389, Phase 1 767) 2023: 6,058 trials (Other 1, Observational 1,558, Not applicable 1,720, Phase 4 94, Phase 3 339, Phase 2/3 56, Phase 2 1,157, Phase 1/2 405, Phase 1 728) 2024: 6,484 trials (Observational 1,699, Not applicable 1,714, Phase 4 115, Phase 3 363, Phase 2/3 72, Phase 2 1,368, Phase 1/2 374, Phase 1 779) 2025: 6,134 trials (Observational 1,421, Not applicable 1,676, Phase 4 91, Phase 3 397, Phase 2/3 84, Phase 2 1,350, Phase 1/2 396, Phase 1 719)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 5,877
2025 6,134
2024 6,484
2023 6,058
2022 5,958
2021 6,126
2020 5,368
2019 5,165
2018 4,964
2017 4,699

Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 7,300 trials starting in 2026 and about 6,400 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward, with about 0.7 times the starts already registered for the rest of 2026 added. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 10 percent and ran about 4 percent high against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 25 percent and ran about 15 percent low against the count later registered, and had about 7 percent more error than repeating last year's count. The part-way figures are from forecasts that used a multiple fitted only on earlier years. A stricter check that trains only on older years did not support adding planned starts for conditions of this size: it ran about 6 percent high against the count later registered. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 12,894 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 35 months across 58,937 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Neoplasms trials in? (10)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 14,921
Phase 1/2 7,275
Phase 2 26,845
Phase 2/3 1,259
Phase 3 8,425
Phase 4 2,174
Not applicable 22,712
Observational 22,412
Expanded access 379
Unknown 8

How many Neoplasms trials are recruiting? (13)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 5,248
Recruiting 15,855
Enrolling by invitation 606
Active, not recruiting 6,789
Available 90

Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Neoplasms trials? (5)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 3,047
Novartis Pharmaceuticals 833
AstraZeneca 811
Hoffmann-La Roche 755
Pfizer 653

Which drugs are being tested for Neoplasms? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Cytoxan 2,642
(nab)-paclitaxel 1,961
PEMBROLIZUMAB 1,882
RITUXIMAB 1,249
NIVOLUMAB 1,215

Interventions as named in the registry (9)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Cisplatin 1 2,173
or carboplatin 2,095
Gemcitabine/Gemzar 1,772
Bevacizumab 1 1,595
Radiation Therapy 1,553

These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Neoplasms trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Pneumonia 33,101 3,800
Febrile neutropenia 25,025 3,003
Pyrexia 17,436 2,978
Vomiting 16,153 4,073
Malignant neoplasm progression 14,881 540

Which publications cover Neoplasms? (14,864)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Sub-conditions in MeSH (14)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

+4 more sub-conditions

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

Browse all condition evidence pages