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Condition (MeSH)

Retinal Diseases

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 3,596 trials for Retinal Diseases or a narrower condition beneath it. National Eye Institute (NEI) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 121.

MeSH D012164 Eye Diseases C11
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Phase 1 Phase 1 299 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 205 Phase 2 Phase 2 450 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 79 Phase 3 Phase 3 353 Phase 4 Phase 4 251 Not applicable Not applicable 876 Observational Observational 1,078 Phase 1 Phase 1 299 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 205 Phase 2 Phase 2 450 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 79 Phase 3 Phase 3 353 Phase 4 Phase 4 251 Not applicable Not applicable 876 Observational Observational 1,078

Trials per phase

2 more sections with rows

333 of the 3,596 trials are tagged with Retinal Diseases itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Retinal Diseases trials start? (36)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 5 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access, Unknown)

Top of scale: 211

1990: 4 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 1) 1992: 5 trials (Observational 2, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 1) 1993: 4 trials (Observational 2, Phase 3 2) 1994: 4 trials (Observational 2, Phase 2/3 2) 1995: 5 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 2) 1996: 5 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 2) 1997: 11 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 4, Phase 1 2) 1998: 11 trials (Observational 6, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 2) 1999: 10 trials (Observational 3, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 5, Phase 2 1) 2000: 15 trials (Observational 10, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 2, Phase 1 1) 2001: 23 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 3, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 6) 2002: 24 trials (Observational 3, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 6, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 2) 2003: 29 trials (Other 1, Observational 7, Not applicable 1, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 6, Phase 2 4, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 7) 2004: 52 trials (Observational 9, Not applicable 8, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 12, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 4) 2005: 80 trials (Observational 16, Not applicable 16, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 25, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 10, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 5) 2006: 117 trials (Observational 17, Not applicable 19, Phase 4 9, Phase 3 22, Phase 2/3 9, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 14) 2007: 134 trials (Observational 25, Not applicable 20, Phase 4 16, Phase 3 22, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 17) 2008: 134 trials (Observational 37, Not applicable 25, Phase 4 10, Phase 3 11, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 14) 2009: 129 trials (Observational 29, Not applicable 26, Phase 4 10, Phase 3 17, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 13, Phase 1 14) 2010: 131 trials (Observational 35, Not applicable 27, Phase 4 18, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 15) 2011: 140 trials (Observational 36, Not applicable 28, Phase 4 15, Phase 3 13, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 18, Phase 1 11) 2012: 155 trials (Observational 51, Not applicable 31, Phase 4 15, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 25, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 12) 2013: 138 trials (Observational 44, Not applicable 32, Phase 4 17, Phase 3 18, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 3) 2014: 150 trials (Observational 55, Not applicable 33, Phase 4 13, Phase 3 9, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 12) 2015: 171 trials (Observational 51, Not applicable 39, Phase 4 14, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 34, Phase 1/2 16, Phase 1 10) 2016: 142 trials (Observational 45, Not applicable 49, Phase 4 13, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 10, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 9) 2017: 123 trials (Observational 55, Not applicable 30, Phase 4 12, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 14, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 7) 2018: 176 trials (Observational 61, Not applicable 57, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 15, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 13) 2019: 173 trials (Observational 55, Not applicable 47, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 19, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 14, Phase 1 10) 2020: 163 trials (Observational 56, Not applicable 36, Phase 4 12, Phase 3 19, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 10) 2021: 211 trials (Observational 62, Not applicable 61, Phase 4 15, Phase 3 18, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 27, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 14) 2022: 186 trials (Other 1, Observational 69, Not applicable 63, Phase 4 5, Phase 3 11, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 20, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 10) 2023: 160 trials (Observational 65, Not applicable 38, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 15) 2024: 160 trials (Observational 55, Not applicable 56, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 9, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 7, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 11) 2025: 172 trials (Observational 62, Not applicable 48, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 14, Phase 1 17)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 163
2025 172
2024 160
2023 160
2022 186
2021 211
2020 163
2019 173
2018 176
2017 123

Showing 10 of 36 earlier years.

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Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 190 trials starting in 2026 and about 170 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 13 percent and ran about 12 percent low against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 19 percent and ran about 17 percent low against the count later registered, and had about the same error as repeating last year's count. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 269 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 24 months across 2,152 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Retinal Diseases trials in? (10)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 299
Phase 1/2 205
Phase 2 450
Phase 2/3 79
Phase 3 353
Phase 4 251
Not applicable 876
Observational 1,078
Expanded access 4
Unknown 1

How many Retinal Diseases trials are recruiting? (10)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 121
Recruiting 337
Enrolling by invitation 35
Active, not recruiting 158
Completed 1,986

Showing 5 of 10 statuses.

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Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Retinal Diseases trials? (7)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Eye Institute (NEI) 121
Novartis Pharmaceuticals 79
Bayer 53
Allergan 39
Hoffmann-La Roche 30

Showing 5 of 7 sponsors.

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Which drugs are being tested for Retinal Diseases? (2)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Ganciclovir 28
Brolucizumab 22

Interventions as named in the registry (13)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
ranibizumab PRN 282
2.0 aflibercept 174
Bevacizumab 1 90
SHAM injection 39
Triamcinolone Acetonide alone 37

Showing 5 of 13 interventions.

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These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Retinal Diseases trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Invasive cancer of any type 1,617 1
Major cardiovascular event 805 1
Pneumonia 770 155
Gastrointestinal bleeding 744 1
Myocardial infarction 717 101

Showing 5 of 10 adverse events.

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Which publications cover Retinal Diseases? (500)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Publications
Publication Journal Year Major topic
Unravelling CYP4V2: Clinical features, genetic insights, pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy. Progress in retinal and eye research 2025 Yes
Combining Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy and Peripapillary Fluid as Biomarkers in Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. American journal of ophthalmology 2025 Yes
Safety and Vision Outcomes Following Gene Therapy for Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA ophthalmology 2025 Yes
IMAGE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF 300 MG VERSUS 100 MG FLUORESCEIN IN ULTRA-WIDEFIELD FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2025 Yes
Comparison of flares in 85 patients with SLE who maintained, discontinued or reduced dose of hydroxychloroquine during a prospective study of ophthalmological screening for retinopathy (PERFOCTAPS Study). Lupus science & medicine 2025 Yes

Showing 5 of 500 publications.

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Sub-conditions in MeSH (21)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

+11 more sub-conditions

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

Browse all condition evidence pages