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Condition (MeSH)

Retroviridae Infections

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 6,763 trials for Retroviridae Infections or a narrower condition beneath it. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 1,057.

MeSH D012192 Infections C01
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Phase 1 Phase 1 1,087 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 205 Phase 2 Phase 2 865 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 86 Phase 3 Phase 3 639 Phase 4 Phase 4 573 Not applicable Not applicable 2,017 Observational Observational 1,276 Phase 1 Phase 1 1,087 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 205 Phase 2 Phase 2 865 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 86 Phase 3 Phase 3 639 Phase 4 Phase 4 573 Not applicable Not applicable 2,017 Observational Observational 1,276

Trials per phase (log scale)

1 more section with rows

14 of the 6,763 trials are tagged with Retroviridae Infections itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Retroviridae Infections trials start? (37)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 19 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access)

Top of scale: 321

1990: 5 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 2) 1991: 2 trials (Phase 3 1, Phase 2 1) 1992: 8 trials (Observational 5, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 2) 1993: 3 trials (Observational 1, Phase 2 2) 1994: 16 trials (Observational 7, Not applicable 3, Phase 4 2, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 1 3) 1995: 15 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 2, Phase 3 1, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 4, Phase 1 3) 1996: 18 trials (Observational 7, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 4, Phase 1 2) 1997: 31 trials (Observational 10, Not applicable 3, Phase 3 6, Phase 2 3, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 6) 1998: 29 trials (Observational 10, Not applicable 3, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 3, Phase 2 6, Phase 1 5) 1999: 73 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 8, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 13, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 13) 2000: 67 trials (Other 1, Observational 19, Not applicable 5, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 17, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 8) 2001: 83 trials (Other 1, Observational 19, Not applicable 12, Phase 4 5, Phase 3 19, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 3) 2002: 125 trials (Other 1, Observational 30, Not applicable 20, Phase 4 14, Phase 3 22, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 24, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 7) 2003: 157 trials (Other 1, Observational 31, Not applicable 26, Phase 4 21, Phase 3 23, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 29, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 17) 2004: 203 trials (Other 2, Observational 37, Not applicable 26, Phase 4 30, Phase 3 35, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 37, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 23) 2005: 249 trials (Observational 50, Not applicable 32, Phase 4 45, Phase 3 31, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 48, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 28) 2006: 235 trials (Observational 39, Not applicable 36, Phase 4 35, Phase 3 28, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 38, Phase 1/2 14, Phase 1 38) 2007: 252 trials (Observational 48, Not applicable 43, Phase 4 31, Phase 3 39, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 35, Phase 1/2 12, Phase 1 36) 2008: 275 trials (Observational 62, Not applicable 55, Phase 4 49, Phase 3 25, Phase 2/3 5, Phase 2 36, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 34) 2009: 321 trials (Observational 72, Not applicable 52, Phase 4 44, Phase 3 27, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 58, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 51) 2010: 234 trials (Observational 51, Not applicable 41, Phase 4 28, Phase 3 26, Phase 2 30, Phase 1/2 13, Phase 1 45) 2011: 209 trials (Observational 45, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 24, Phase 3 30, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 40) 2012: 162 trials (Other 1, Observational 41, Not applicable 49, Phase 4 11, Phase 3 18, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 16, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 18) 2013: 167 trials (Observational 36, Not applicable 59, Phase 4 12, Phase 3 13, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 23) 2014: 166 trials (Observational 28, Not applicable 43, Phase 4 12, Phase 3 15, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 36) 2015: 195 trials (Observational 38, Not applicable 64, Phase 4 16, Phase 3 12, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 42) 2016: 182 trials (Observational 27, Not applicable 69, Phase 4 12, Phase 3 16, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 34) 2017: 253 trials (Observational 52, Not applicable 112, Phase 4 17, Phase 3 12, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 15, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 37) 2018: 229 trials (Observational 52, Not applicable 95, Phase 4 22, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 11, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 28) 2019: 264 trials (Observational 59, Not applicable 119, Phase 4 16, Phase 3 11, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 32) 2020: 207 trials (Observational 47, Not applicable 85, Phase 4 21, Phase 3 12, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 14, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 21) 2021: 249 trials (Observational 58, Not applicable 112, Phase 4 24, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 25) 2022: 233 trials (Observational 52, Not applicable 115, Phase 4 14, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 15, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 27) 2023: 215 trials (Observational 45, Not applicable 111, Phase 4 16, Phase 3 11, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 11, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 16) 2024: 178 trials (Observational 38, Not applicable 92, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 10, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 17) 2025: 136 trials (Observational 29, Not applicable 67, Phase 4 9, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 8, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 13)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 148
2025 136
2024 178
2023 215
2022 233
2021 249
2020 207
2019 264
2018 229
2017 253

Showing 10 of 37 earlier years.

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Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 160 trials starting in 2026 and about 150 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 13 percent and ran about 12 percent low against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 19 percent and ran about 17 percent low against the count later registered, and had about the same error as repeating last year's count. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 303 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 26 months across 4,015 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Retroviridae Infections trials in? (9)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 1,087
Phase 1/2 205
Phase 2 865
Phase 2/3 86
Phase 3 639
Phase 4 573
Not applicable 2,017
Observational 1,276
Expanded access 15

How many Retroviridae Infections trials are recruiting? (12)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 132
Recruiting 298
Enrolling by invitation 28
Active, not recruiting 151
Available 2

Showing 5 of 12 statuses.

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Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Retroviridae Infections trials? (10)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 1,057
ViiV Healthcare 248
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC 90
ANRS, Emerging Infectious Diseases 85
Bristol-Myers Squibb 82

Showing 5 of 10 sponsors.

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Which drugs are being tested for Retroviridae Infections? (7)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Zidovudine 278
LAMIVUDINE 179
Efavirenz 144
Raltegravir 108
Nelfinavir 84

Showing 5 of 7 drugs.

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Interventions as named in the registry (8)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Ritonavir (RTV) low 164
didanosine, ddI (drug) 120
Stavudine 113
Nevirapine IR 109
Dolutegravir Pill 96

Showing 5 of 8 interventions.

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These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Retroviridae Infections trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Pneumonia 1,334 210
Any Event in SOC 823 16
Gastroenteritis 723 131
Road traffic accident 699 35
Neutropenia 692 73

Showing 5 of 10 adverse events.

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Which publications cover Retroviridae Infections? (32)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Publications
Publication Journal Year Major topic
Plasma antibodies from humans infected with zoonotic simian foamy virus do not inhibit cell-to-cell transmission of the virus despite binding to the surface of infected cells. PLoS pathogens 2022 Yes
Clinical Signs and Blood Test Results Among Humans Infected With Zoonotic Simian Foamy Virus: A Case-Control Study. The Journal of infectious diseases 2018 Yes
No PERV transmission during a clinical trial of pig islet cell transplantation. Virus research 2017 Yes
Killing two birds with one stone. Lancet (London, England) 2011 Yes
Successful transmission of a retrovirus depends on the commensal microbiota. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2011 Yes

Showing 5 of 32 publications.

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Sub-conditions in MeSH (2)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

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