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Condition (MeSH)

RNA Virus Infections

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 21,272 trials for RNA Virus Infections or a narrower condition beneath it. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 1,436.

MeSH D012327 Infections C01
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Phase 1 Phase 1 2,535 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 686 Phase 2 Phase 2 2,854 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 482 Phase 3 Phase 3 2,425 Phase 4 Phase 4 1,634 Not applicable Not applicable 4,754 Observational Observational 5,842 Phase 1 Phase 1 2,535 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 686 Phase 2 Phase 2 2,854 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 482 Phase 3 Phase 3 2,425 Phase 4 Phase 4 1,634 Not applicable Not applicable 4,754 Observational Observational 5,842

Trials per phase

1 more section with rows

98 of the 21,272 trials are tagged with RNA Virus Infections itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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When did RNA Virus Infections trials start? (37)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 29 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access)

Top of scale: 4,203

1990: 5 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 2) 1991: 3 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 1) 1992: 9 trials (Observational 6, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 2) 1993: 6 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 2) 1994: 16 trials (Observational 7, Not applicable 3, Phase 4 2, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 1 3) 1995: 17 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 5, Phase 1 3) 1996: 19 trials (Observational 7, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 4, Phase 1 2) 1997: 35 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 3, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 3, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 6) 1998: 37 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 3, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 8, Phase 1 5) 1999: 85 trials (Observational 15, Not applicable 9, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 16, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 20, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 14) 2000: 91 trials (Other 1, Observational 21, Not applicable 6, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 31, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 8) 2001: 122 trials (Other 1, Observational 22, Not applicable 16, Phase 4 7, Phase 3 26, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 35, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 5) 2002: 180 trials (Other 1, Observational 34, Not applicable 20, Phase 4 27, Phase 3 48, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 35, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 7) 2003: 246 trials (Other 1, Observational 42, Not applicable 33, Phase 4 46, Phase 3 49, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 38, Phase 1/2 12, Phase 1 21) 2004: 322 trials (Other 2, Observational 62, Not applicable 35, Phase 4 60, Phase 3 57, Phase 2/3 10, Phase 2 56, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 29) 2005: 454 trials (Observational 84, Not applicable 51, Phase 4 77, Phase 3 76, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 90, Phase 1/2 20, Phase 1 49) 2006: 475 trials (Observational 72, Not applicable 53, Phase 4 66, Phase 3 87, Phase 2/3 10, Phase 2 95, Phase 1/2 26, Phase 1 66) 2007: 513 trials (Observational 90, Not applicable 66, Phase 4 65, Phase 3 89, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 99, Phase 1/2 21, Phase 1 72) 2008: 524 trials (Observational 96, Not applicable 76, Phase 4 78, Phase 3 73, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 89, Phase 1/2 22, Phase 1 83) 2009: 706 trials (Observational 131, Not applicable 85, Phase 4 91, Phase 3 81, Phase 2/3 15, Phase 2 168, Phase 1/2 26, Phase 1 109) 2010: 570 trials (Observational 111, Not applicable 71, Phase 4 73, Phase 3 86, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 88, Phase 1/2 20, Phase 1 115) 2011: 553 trials (Observational 103, Not applicable 73, Phase 4 69, Phase 3 95, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 70, Phase 1/2 18, Phase 1 114) 2012: 508 trials (Other 1, Observational 102, Not applicable 83, Phase 4 49, Phase 3 100, Phase 2/3 10, Phase 2 58, Phase 1/2 21, Phase 1 84) 2013: 492 trials (Observational 85, Not applicable 92, Phase 4 60, Phase 3 76, Phase 2/3 10, Phase 2 73, Phase 1/2 17, Phase 1 79) 2014: 480 trials (Observational 81, Not applicable 75, Phase 4 42, Phase 3 79, Phase 2/3 12, Phase 2 66, Phase 1/2 25, Phase 1 100) 2015: 536 trials (Observational 116, Not applicable 94, Phase 4 67, Phase 3 77, Phase 2/3 9, Phase 2 68, Phase 1/2 14, Phase 1 91) 2016: 513 trials (Observational 109, Not applicable 124, Phase 4 55, Phase 3 70, Phase 2/3 10, Phase 2 62, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 74) 2017: 556 trials (Observational 132, Not applicable 155, Phase 4 70, Phase 3 52, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 50, Phase 1/2 15, Phase 1 75) 2018: 517 trials (Observational 128, Not applicable 139, Phase 4 65, Phase 3 41, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 51, Phase 1/2 13, Phase 1 73) 2019: 577 trials (Observational 160, Not applicable 178, Phase 4 49, Phase 3 46, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 51, Phase 1/2 15, Phase 1 72) 2020: 4,203 trials (Observational 1,888, Not applicable 809, Phase 4 141, Phase 3 367, Phase 2/3 136, Phase 2 502, Phase 1/2 133, Phase 1 227) 2021: 2,619 trials (Observational 922, Not applicable 698, Phase 4 142, Phase 3 216, Phase 2/3 90, Phase 2 291, Phase 1/2 89, Phase 1 171) 2022: 1,520 trials (Observational 486, Not applicable 478, Phase 4 60, Phase 3 114, Phase 2/3 42, Phase 2 141, Phase 1/2 43, Phase 1 156) 2023: 998 trials (Observational 267, Not applicable 349, Phase 4 48, Phase 3 78, Phase 2/3 23, Phase 2 118, Phase 1/2 28, Phase 1 87) 2024: 630 trials (Observational 142, Not applicable 238, Phase 4 32, Phase 3 52, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 63, Phase 1/2 28, Phase 1 71) 2025: 483 trials (Observational 114, Not applicable 150, Phase 4 34, Phase 3 40, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 53, Phase 1/2 17, Phase 1 64)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 392
2025 483
2024 630
2023 998
2022 1,520
2021 2,619
2020 4,203
2019 577
2018 517
2017 556

Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 500 trials starting in 2026 and about 500 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward, with about 0.7 times the starts already registered for the rest of 2026 added. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 10 percent and ran about 4 percent high against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 25 percent and ran about 15 percent low against the count later registered, and had about 7 percent more error than repeating last year's count. The part-way figures are from forecasts that used a multiple fitted only on earlier years. A stricter check that trains only on older years did not support adding planned starts for conditions of this size: it ran about 6 percent high against the count later registered. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 29 months from start to primary completion across 1,035 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 13 months across 14,266 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are RNA Virus Infections trials in? (9)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 2,535
Phase 1/2 686
Phase 2 2,854
Phase 2/3 482
Phase 3 2,425
Phase 4 1,634
Not applicable 4,754
Observational 5,842
Expanded access 60

How many RNA Virus Infections trials are recruiting? (12)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 323
Recruiting 823
Enrolling by invitation 71
Active, not recruiting 486
Available 9

Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most RNA Virus Infections trials? (10)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) 1,436
GlaxoSmithKline 474
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC 296
ViiV Healthcare 248
Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company 239

Which drugs are being tested for RNA Virus Infections? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Zidovudine 278
PEGinterferon alfa-2a 185
LAMIVUDINE 180
Efavirenz 146
Raltegravir 112

Interventions as named in the registry (9)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Ribavirine 577
Ritonavir (RTV) low 221
Hydroxychloroquin 142
didanosine, ddI (drug) 120
Stavudine 113

These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do RNA Virus Infections trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Pneumonia 6,437 769
Respiratory insufficiency 4,507 2
Gastroenteritis 3,127 421
Death 2,509 229
Respiratory failure 2,360 240

Which publications cover RNA Virus Infections? (13)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Publications
Publication Journal Year Major topic
Early warning systems (EWSs) for chikungunya, dengue, malaria, yellow fever, and Zika outbreaks: What is the evidence? A scoping review. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2021 Yes
Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses. Antiviral research 2018 Yes
Enhanced enteric virus detection in sporadic gastroenteritis using a multi-target real-time PCR panel: a one-year study. Journal of medical virology 2014 Yes
RNA respiratory viruses in solid organ transplantation. American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 2013 Yes
Dietary antioxidants: immunity and host defense. Current topics in medicinal chemistry 2011 Yes

Sub-conditions in MeSH (15)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

Browse all condition evidence pages