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Condition (MeSH)

Carcinoma

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 13,907 trials for Carcinoma or a narrower condition beneath it. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 515.

MeSH D002277 Neoplasms Neoplasm C04
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Phase 1 Phase 1 2,059 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 1,110 Phase 2 Phase 2 4,418 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 208 Phase 3 Phase 3 1,181 Phase 4 Phase 4 222 Not applicable Not applicable 2,017 Observational Observational 2,640 Phase 1 Phase 1 2,059 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 1,110 Phase 2 Phase 2 4,418 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 208 Phase 3 Phase 3 1,181 Phase 4 Phase 4 222 Not applicable Not applicable 2,017 Observational Observational 2,640

Trials per phase (log scale)

2 more sections with rows

733 of the 13,907 trials are tagged with Carcinoma itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Carcinoma trials start? (37)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 26 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access, Unknown)

Top of scale: 875

1990: 3 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 1) 1991: 7 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 2, Phase 2 3) 1992: 6 trials (Phase 3 5, Phase 2 1) 1993: 9 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 1, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 4) 1994: 20 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 2, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 3, Phase 1 5) 1995: 21 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 7, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 5) 1996: 33 trials (Observational 4, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 9, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 6) 1997: 64 trials (Observational 5, Not applicable 2, Phase 3 13, Phase 2 25, Phase 1/2 9, Phase 1 10) 1998: 89 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 17, Phase 2 44, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 16) 1999: 108 trials (Observational 5, Not applicable 9, Phase 3 20, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 45, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 23) 2000: 137 trials (Observational 15, Not applicable 4, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 27, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 50, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 29) 2001: 134 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 6, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 13, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 61, Phase 1/2 15, Phase 1 25) 2002: 146 trials (Observational 9, Not applicable 10, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 19, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 73, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 20) 2003: 177 trials (Observational 23, Not applicable 21, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 20, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 67, Phase 1/2 17, Phase 1 23) 2004: 237 trials (Observational 27, Not applicable 17, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 22, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 110, Phase 1/2 18, Phase 1 39) 2005: 277 trials (Other 1, Observational 35, Not applicable 22, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 27, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 129, Phase 1/2 17, Phase 1 38) 2006: 305 trials (Observational 40, Not applicable 25, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 26, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 145, Phase 1/2 21, Phase 1 38) 2007: 373 trials (Other 2, Observational 56, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 14, Phase 3 25, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 148, Phase 1/2 21, Phase 1 57) 2008: 387 trials (Observational 76, Not applicable 48, Phase 4 11, Phase 3 31, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 130, Phase 1/2 24, Phase 1 60) 2009: 388 trials (Observational 69, Not applicable 45, Phase 4 7, Phase 3 40, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 117, Phase 1/2 33, Phase 1 70) 2010: 374 trials (Other 1, Observational 75, Not applicable 44, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 35, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 113, Phase 1/2 31, Phase 1 61) 2011: 383 trials (Observational 71, Not applicable 52, Phase 4 13, Phase 3 34, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 129, Phase 1/2 27, Phase 1 53) 2012: 401 trials (Other 1, Observational 74, Not applicable 69, Phase 4 10, Phase 3 27, Phase 2/3 7, Phase 2 120, Phase 1/2 27, Phase 1 66) 2013: 362 trials (Observational 62, Not applicable 69, Phase 4 10, Phase 3 29, Phase 2/3 9, Phase 2 99, Phase 1/2 27, Phase 1 57) 2014: 443 trials (Observational 78, Not applicable 78, Phase 4 11, Phase 3 36, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 122, Phase 1/2 33, Phase 1 74) 2015: 514 trials (Other 2, Observational 93, Not applicable 92, Phase 4 16, Phase 3 44, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 134, Phase 1/2 43, Phase 1 82) 2016: 528 trials (Observational 104, Not applicable 83, Phase 4 11, Phase 3 54, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 140, Phase 1/2 54, Phase 1 80) 2017: 589 trials (Observational 91, Not applicable 97, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 57, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 179, Phase 1/2 67, Phase 1 86) 2018: 636 trials (Observational 133, Not applicable 101, Phase 4 7, Phase 3 52, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 180, Phase 1/2 63, Phase 1 92) 2019: 749 trials (Observational 159, Not applicable 110, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 68, Phase 2/3 14, Phase 2 208, Phase 1/2 74, Phase 1 108) 2020: 769 trials (Observational 164, Not applicable 129, Phase 4 9, Phase 3 51, Phase 2/3 5, Phase 2 230, Phase 1/2 53, Phase 1 128) 2021: 823 trials (Observational 172, Not applicable 132, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 47, Phase 2/3 11, Phase 2 266, Phase 1/2 66, Phase 1 121) 2022: 841 trials (Observational 217, Not applicable 139, Phase 4 9, Phase 3 45, Phase 2/3 13, Phase 2 239, Phase 1/2 63, Phase 1 116) 2023: 832 trials (Observational 179, Not applicable 133, Phase 4 12, Phase 3 61, Phase 2/3 12, Phase 2 239, Phase 1/2 81, Phase 1 115) 2024: 875 trials (Observational 226, Not applicable 136, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 53, Phase 2/3 16, Phase 2 271, Phase 1/2 52, Phase 1 113) 2025: 853 trials (Observational 193, Not applicable 140, Phase 4 13, Phase 3 63, Phase 2/3 15, Phase 2 240, Phase 1/2 71, Phase 1 118)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 869
2025 853
2024 875
2023 832
2022 841
2021 823
2020 769
2019 749
2018 636
2017 589

Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 1,100 trials starting in 2026 and about 910 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward, with about 0.7 times the starts already registered for the rest of 2026 added. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 10 percent and ran about 4 percent high against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 25 percent and ran about 15 percent low against the count later registered, and had about 7 percent more error than repeating last year's count. The part-way figures are from forecasts that used a multiple fitted only on earlier years. A stricter check that trains only on older years did not support adding planned starts for conditions of this size: it ran about 6 percent high against the count later registered. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 2,031 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 37 months across 7,198 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Carcinoma trials in? (10)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 2,059
Phase 1/2 1,110
Phase 2 4,418
Phase 2/3 208
Phase 3 1,181
Phase 4 222
Not applicable 2,017
Observational 2,640
Expanded access 51
Unknown 1

How many Carcinoma trials are recruiting? (12)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 773
Recruiting 2,269
Enrolling by invitation 70
Active, not recruiting 962
Available 12

Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Carcinoma trials? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 515
Pfizer 134
Novartis Pharmaceuticals 113
AstraZeneca 84
Bayer 77

Which drugs are being tested for Carcinoma? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
PEMBROLIZUMAB 552
(nab)-paclitaxel 405
NIVOLUMAB 342
Sorafenib 287
CETUXIMAB 223

Interventions as named in the registry (9)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Cisplatin 1 682
or carboplatin 422
Gemcitabine/Gemzar 345
Bevacizumab 1 286
Radiation Therapy 264

These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Carcinoma trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Pneumonia 4,431 555
Vomiting 2,920 682
Dehydration 2,905 668
Nausea 2,817 641
Fatigue 2,759 557

Which publications cover Carcinoma? (1,536)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Sub-conditions in MeSH (16)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

Browse all condition evidence pages