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Condition (MeSH)

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 3,364 trials for Carcinoma, Hepatocellular or a narrower condition beneath it. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 75.

MeSH D006528 Neoplasms Neoplasm C04 C06 Listed by Orphanet as a rare disease
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Phase 1 Phase 1 423 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 238 Phase 2 Phase 2 801 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 67 Phase 3 Phase 3 249 Phase 4 Phase 4 104 Not applicable Not applicable 647 Observational Observational 826 Phase 1 Phase 1 423 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 238 Phase 2 Phase 2 801 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 67 Phase 3 Phase 3 249 Phase 4 Phase 4 104 Not applicable Not applicable 647 Observational Observational 826

Trials per phase

1 more section with rows

3,364 of the 3,364 trials are tagged with Carcinoma, Hepatocellular itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Carcinoma, Hepatocellular trials start? (33)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 4 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational
  • Other (Expanded access)

Top of scale: 244

1994: 3 trials (Not applicable 1, Phase 2 1, Phase 1 1) 1995: 1 trials (Phase 2 1) 1996: 1 trials (Phase 2/3 1) 1997: 4 trials (Phase 3 2, Phase 2 1, Phase 1 1) 1998: 13 trials (Phase 3 1, Phase 2 5, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 6) 1999: 13 trials (Not applicable 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2 7, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 3) 2000: 17 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 6, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 3) 2001: 27 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 3, Phase 2 6, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 7) 2002: 24 trials (Observational 3, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 11, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 4) 2003: 21 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 2, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 1, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 5, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 3) 2004: 38 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 6, Phase 3 1, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 4) 2005: 39 trials (Observational 5, Not applicable 7, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 7, Phase 2 13, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 2) 2006: 50 trials (Observational 6, Not applicable 4, Phase 4 5, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 20, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 6) 2007: 87 trials (Other 1, Observational 17, Not applicable 10, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 10) 2008: 87 trials (Observational 22, Not applicable 17, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 9) 2009: 114 trials (Observational 18, Not applicable 19, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 27, Phase 1/2 11, Phase 1 25) 2010: 87 trials (Observational 21, Not applicable 14, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 11, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 11) 2011: 93 trials (Observational 24, Not applicable 13, Phase 4 7, Phase 3 11, Phase 2 24, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 6) 2012: 88 trials (Observational 18, Not applicable 24, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 20, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 14) 2013: 94 trials (Observational 21, Not applicable 22, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 14, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 14, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 9) 2014: 116 trials (Observational 27, Not applicable 21, Phase 4 7, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 19) 2015: 129 trials (Observational 36, Not applicable 31, Phase 4 10, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 5, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 13) 2016: 135 trials (Observational 31, Not applicable 32, Phase 4 6, Phase 3 16, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 14, Phase 1 13) 2017: 150 trials (Observational 31, Not applicable 40, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 12, Phase 2 25, Phase 1/2 16, Phase 1 23) 2018: 169 trials (Observational 45, Not applicable 39, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 14, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 33, Phase 1/2 12, Phase 1 21) 2019: 213 trials (Observational 51, Not applicable 35, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 23, Phase 2/3 8, Phase 2 42, Phase 1/2 20, Phase 1 31) 2020: 181 trials (Observational 43, Not applicable 46, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 44, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 23) 2021: 225 trials (Observational 56, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 9, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 66, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 35) 2022: 232 trials (Observational 73, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 16, Phase 2/3 5, Phase 2 52, Phase 1/2 18, Phase 1 24) 2023: 213 trials (Observational 49, Not applicable 47, Phase 4 8, Phase 3 13, Phase 2/3 5, Phase 2 56, Phase 1/2 16, Phase 1 19) 2024: 226 trials (Observational 77, Not applicable 47, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 57, Phase 1/2 10, Phase 1 23) 2025: 244 trials (Observational 77, Not applicable 40, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 6, Phase 2 67, Phase 1/2 13, Phase 1 30)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 202
2025 244
2024 226
2023 213
2022 232
2021 225
2020 181
2019 213
2018 169
2017 150

Showing 10 of 33 earlier years.

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Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 240 trials starting in 2026 and about 240 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 13 percent and ran about 12 percent low against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 19 percent and ran about 17 percent low against the count later registered, and had about the same error as repeating last year's count. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 501 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 36 months across 1,534 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Carcinoma, Hepatocellular trials in? (9)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 423
Phase 1/2 238
Phase 2 801
Phase 2/3 67
Phase 3 249
Phase 4 104
Not applicable 647
Observational 826
Expanded access 9

How many Carcinoma, Hepatocellular trials are recruiting? (12)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 220
Recruiting 563
Enrolling by invitation 20
Active, not recruiting 167
Available 2

Showing 5 of 12 statuses.

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Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Carcinoma, Hepatocellular trials? (2)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 75
Bayer 33

Which drugs are being tested for Carcinoma, Hepatocellular? (8)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
Sorafenib 188
TACE 113
NIVOLUMAB 69
PEMBROLIZUMAB 63
DURVALUMAB 51

Showing 5 of 8 drugs.

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Interventions as named in the registry (7)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Lenvatinib 1 122
Bevacizumab 1 100
Atezolizumab SC 55
Transarterial Chemoembolization 49
Tislelizumab SC 35

Showing 5 of 7 interventions.

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These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Carcinoma, Hepatocellular trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Malignant neoplasm progression 586 24
Ascites 581 92
Abdominal pain 544 94
Pneumonia 492 84
Pyrexia 428 78

Showing 5 of 10 adverse events.

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Which publications cover Carcinoma, Hepatocellular? (2,722)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Publications
Publication Journal Year Major topic
Phase I trial of ADP-A2AFP TCR T-cell therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular or gastric hepatoid carcinoma. Journal of hepatology 2026 Yes
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab for potentially resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Long-term efficacy and biomarker exploration. Journal of hepatology 2026 Yes
Multicenter single-arm phase II trial of lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after progression on first-line atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Journal of hepatology 2026 Yes
The METAL Score for Early Stratification of Radiological Response and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with TACE and Immunotherapy Combinations. Academic radiology 2026 Yes
Diagnostic Performance of [<sup>18</sup>F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT on Proven PSMA-Positive Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Clinical Study. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine 2026 Yes

Showing 5 of 2,722 publications.

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Prevalence (102)

Shown in this order: jurisdiction, then disease name. Orphanet observation for the mapped ORPHA concept; the mapping relation column says whether that concept is exactly this condition or broader or narrower.

Prevalence
Orphanet disease Type Class Geography Jurisdiction Mapping relation
Hepatocellular carcinoma Annual incidence 1-9 / 100 000 United Kingdom GB Unspecified
Hepatocellular carcinoma Annual incidence 1-9 / 100 000 United Kingdom GB Exact
Hepatocellular carcinoma Annual incidence 1-9 / 100 000 United Kingdom GB Exact
Hepatocellular carcinoma Annual incidence 1-9 / 100 000 United States US Exact
Hepatocellular carcinoma Annual incidence 1-9 / 100 000 United States US Exact

Showing 5 of 102 prevalence observations.

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Rare-disease identity (2)

Shown in this order: exact, broader, narrower, other.

Rare-disease identity
Orphanet disease ORPHA code Relation Source
Hepatocellular carcinoma 88673 Exact Orphanet Rare Disease Ontology (ORDO)
Hepatocellular carcinoma 88673 Exact Orphadata Science knowledge files, Product 1

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: sub-conditions in mesh.

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