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Condition (MeSH)

Rectal Neoplasms

ClinicalTrials.gov lists 2,469 trials for Rectal Neoplasms or a narrower condition beneath it. National Cancer Institute (NCI) has the most among industry and government lead sponsors, with 104.

MeSH D012004 Neoplasms Neoplasm C04 C06
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Phase 1 Phase 1 250 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 122 Phase 2 Phase 2 625 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 33 Phase 3 Phase 3 232 Phase 4 Phase 4 23 Not applicable Not applicable 639 Observational Observational 544 Phase 1 Phase 1 250 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 122 Phase 2 Phase 2 625 Phase 2/3 Phase 2/3 33 Phase 3 Phase 3 232 Phase 4 Phase 4 23 Not applicable Not applicable 639 Observational Observational 544

Trials per phase (log scale)

1 more section with rows

2,232 of the 2,469 trials are tagged with Rectal Neoplasms itself; the rest are tagged with a narrower condition beneath it.

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The PDF carries up to 50 rows of each section, where the page shows the first few, with the sources listed. Enter a work email and confirm it from the message we send, and the report follows by email.

When did Rectal Neoplasms trials start? (37)

Shown in this order: most recent first, 1990 onwards. 2026 is partial: trials registered with a 2026 start date so far, not a full year. 2 trials are registered to start in 2027 or later, and not listed here.

Trials over time, by phase

  • Phase 1
  • Phase 1/2
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 2/3
  • Phase 3
  • Phase 4
  • Not applicable
  • Observational

Top of scale: 132

1990: 1 trials (Not applicable 1) 1991: 3 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 2) 1992: 1 trials (Phase 3 1) 1993: 7 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 5) 1994: 5 trials (Phase 3 3, Phase 2 1, Phase 1 1) 1995: 6 trials (Phase 3 1, Phase 2 2, Phase 1 3) 1996: 6 trials (Phase 3 2, Phase 2 3, Phase 1 1) 1997: 17 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 2, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 2, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 3) 1998: 26 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 1, Phase 3 6, Phase 2 9, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 7) 1999: 40 trials (Observational 2, Not applicable 3, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 15, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 8) 2000: 40 trials (Observational 1, Not applicable 3, Phase 3 10, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 7) 2001: 52 trials (Observational 1, Phase 3 11, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 13) 2002: 45 trials (Observational 6, Not applicable 5, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 21, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 5) 2003: 53 trials (Observational 5, Not applicable 5, Phase 3 12, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 12) 2004: 54 trials (Observational 4, Not applicable 5, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 25, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 7) 2005: 65 trials (Observational 11, Not applicable 10, Phase 4 4, Phase 3 10, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 8) 2006: 80 trials (Observational 15, Not applicable 7, Phase 3 12, Phase 2 36, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 8) 2007: 71 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 14, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 9, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 5) 2008: 74 trials (Observational 22, Not applicable 12, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 12, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 4) 2009: 86 trials (Observational 24, Not applicable 16, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 27, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 9) 2010: 83 trials (Observational 12, Not applicable 18, Phase 3 5, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 3, Phase 1 15) 2011: 82 trials (Observational 16, Not applicable 20, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 18, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 13) 2012: 70 trials (Observational 19, Not applicable 13, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 9) 2013: 78 trials (Observational 19, Not applicable 26, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 17, Phase 1/2 5, Phase 1 5) 2014: 76 trials (Observational 17, Not applicable 25, Phase 3 8, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 14, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 9) 2015: 81 trials (Observational 19, Not applicable 32, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 4) 2016: 100 trials (Observational 20, Not applicable 38, Phase 3 9, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 7) 2017: 93 trials (Observational 22, Not applicable 36, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 3, Phase 2/3 4, Phase 2 12, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 8) 2018: 91 trials (Observational 28, Not applicable 32, Phase 3 4, Phase 2 19, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 6) 2019: 96 trials (Observational 23, Not applicable 32, Phase 3 9, Phase 2/3 2, Phase 2 14, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 10) 2020: 132 trials (Observational 46, Not applicable 33, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 12, Phase 2 22, Phase 1/2 6, Phase 1 10) 2021: 108 trials (Observational 36, Not applicable 40, Phase 4 1, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 15, Phase 1/2 1, Phase 1 10) 2022: 129 trials (Observational 39, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 3, Phase 3 4, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 26, Phase 1/2 2, Phase 1 10) 2023: 131 trials (Observational 39, Not applicable 41, Phase 3 6, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 28, Phase 1/2 7, Phase 1 9) 2024: 132 trials (Observational 32, Not applicable 46, Phase 3 7, Phase 2/3 1, Phase 2 28, Phase 1/2 8, Phase 1 10) 2025: 122 trials (Observational 23, Not applicable 42, Phase 4 2, Phase 3 10, Phase 2/3 3, Phase 2 31, Phase 1/2 4, Phase 1 7)

Trials registered with a start date in each year, 1990 onward, stacked by phase (complete years only; the current partial year is in the table's notes). The table below lists the same counts, most recent years first.

Trials started per year
Year Trials started
2026 (partial year) 119
2025 122
2024 132
2023 131
2022 129
2021 108
2020 132
2019 96
2018 91
2017 93

Showing 10 of 37 earlier years.

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Forecast of the full-year count, planned starts included, not rows of this table: about 140 trials starting in 2026 and about 130 in 2027, the average of the 24 months through September, counted as registered and carried forward. The rows of this table count trials registered so far with a start date in the year, planned starts included; the forecast looks ahead to the count for the whole year, so it is not the same measure. In backtests on conditions of this size, forecasts made part-way through the year were typically off by about 13 percent and ran about 12 percent low against the count later registered; forecasts made before the year began were off by about 19 percent and ran about 17 percent low against the count later registered, and had about the same error as repeating last year's count. These figures rest on a few years of history (target years from 2018 to 2025, varying by figure), place each condition as it is mapped today rather than as it was then, and score against a count for the newest year that was still being revised. Only condition series were scored.

Prediction, not a registry value: median of 36 months from start to primary completion across 257 trials still running at the 2026-10-09 snapshot; registered median of 38 months across 1,353 trials with a primary completion typed Actual. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov / AACT (CTTI), public domain.

What phase are Rectal Neoplasms trials in? (9)

Shown in this order: phase order.

Show the trials by phase as a table
Trials by phase
Phase Trials
Phase 1 250
Phase 1/2 122
Phase 2 625
Phase 2/3 33
Phase 3 232
Phase 4 23
Not applicable 639
Observational 544
Expanded access 1

How many Rectal Neoplasms trials are recruiting? (10)

Shown in this order: the order a trial moves through, from not yet recruiting to unknown.

Trials by recruitment status
Status Trials
Not yet recruiting 129
Recruiting 338
Enrolling by invitation 9
Active, not recruiting 133
Available 1

Showing 5 of 10 statuses.

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Status as registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Each trial is counted once.

Which lead sponsors run the most Rectal Neoplasms trials? (2)

Shown in this order: most trials first. Lead sponsors the registry classes as industry, NIH, US federal, other government or network. A hospital or university the registry files as government can appear here. Sponsors it classes as academic or other are shown on the full page, because that class cannot separate an institution from a named investigator.

Lead sponsors
Sponsor Trials
National Cancer Institute (NCI) 104
Amgen 15

Which drugs are being tested for Rectal Neoplasms? (6)

Shown in this order: most trials first. One row per drug, matched to a single molecule under all its names, ranked by number of trials.

Drugs tested
Drug Trials
OXALIPLATIN 215
"Capecitabine" 193
Calcium Leucovorin 174
Irinotecan 127
CETUXIMAB 77

Showing 5 of 6 drugs.

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Interventions as named in the registry (9)

Shown in this order: most trials first.

Interventions as named in the registry
Drug Trials
Fluorouracile 240
Bevacizumab 1 99
Radiation Therapy 76
Radiotherapy 54
AG chemotherapy 28

Showing 5 of 9 interventions.

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These are the names sponsors entered on ClinicalTrials.gov that we have not matched to a single molecule. Some are drugs under a brand or code name; others are procedures, doses or arm labels.

Which serious adverse events do Rectal Neoplasms trials report? (10)

Shown in this order: most subjects affected first. Subjects affected summed across trials, a cross-trial signal, not a rate.

Serious adverse events in this condition's trials
Adverse event Subjects affected Trials
Dehydration 272 66
Vomiting 217 66
Nausea 209 64
Fatigue 203 44
Abdominal pain 202 58

Showing 5 of 10 adverse events.

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Which publications cover Rectal Neoplasms? (1,979)

Shown in this order: major-topic papers first, then newest, then most linked to trials.

Publications
Publication Journal Year Major topic
A Randomized Trial of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection vs Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery in Early Rectal Neoplasms: DSETAMIS-2018 Study. Gastroenterology 2026 Yes
Efficacy and safety of SHR-1701 combined with chemoradiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Cancer letters 2026 Yes
The Prognostic Impact of Imaging Detected Tumor Deposits in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of surgical oncology 2026 Yes
The results of randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of transanal endoscopic microsurgery versus endoscopic submucosal dissection. Surgical endoscopy 2026 Yes
Quality of life and late toxicity after total neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer - LARCT-US. Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology 2026 Yes

Showing 5 of 1,979 publications.

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Sub-conditions in MeSH (1)

MeSH descendants one level down with at least one trial, most trials first.

Not on this page

Not measured: delivery record.

Checked, with nothing recorded for this condition: prevalence and rare-disease identity.

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